Every Second Counts
Immediate action saves lives. Follow these evidence-based steps from the American Heart Association.
CPR — Step by Step
For adults and children over 1 year old.
Step 1 — Call for Help
Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately. If others are present, point to someone and say "You — call 911 now."
Step 2 — Check the Scene
Ensure the scene is safe. Tap the person firmly on the shoulder and shout "Are you okay?" to check for responsiveness.
Step 3 — Open the Airway
Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway. Check for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds.
Step 4 — Begin Chest Compressions
Push hard and fast in the center of the chest. Aim for 100–120 compressions per minute, compressing at least 2 inches deep.
Step 5 — Give Rescue Breaths
After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths (if trained). Each breath should make the chest visibly rise. Continue the 30:2 cycle.
Step 6 — Use an AED
As soon as an AED is available, power it on and follow the voice prompts. Resume CPR immediately after each shock.
Using an AED
Automated External Defibrillators are simple — the device will guide you.
- 1Power on the AED — open the lid or press the power button.
- 2Attach the pads — place one pad on the upper right chest, one on the lower left side.
- 3Clear the person — make sure no one is touching them, then press ANALYZE.
- 4Deliver the shock — press SHOCK if advised. Resume CPR immediately afterward.
⚠️ AEDs are safe to use on children — use pediatric pads or a pediatric setting if available.
Choking Response
If a person cannot speak, cough forcefully, or breathe — act now.
Conscious Adult/Child
Give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, then 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich). Alternate until the object is dislodged or the person loses consciousness.
Infant (<1 year)
Give 5 back blows face-down on your forearm, then 5 chest thrusts. Never perform abdominal thrusts on an infant.
Unconscious Person
Lower the person carefully to the ground and begin CPR. Each time you open the airway, look for and remove any visible object before giving rescue breaths.
Prepare Before an Emergency
Consider taking a certified CPR/BLS course from the American Heart Association or Red Cross.